double-sided polishing machine grinding plate vibration

 Vibrations that affect the quality of ultra-precision machining of the key factors, spring-loaded double-sided polishing machine during polishing of the grinding plate vibration phenomena seriously hampered the accuracy of product processing. To solve this problem, a spring-loaded device in the MR damper added method by controlling the magnetorheological damper damping to achieve the double-sided polishing grinding wheel china  and grinding disc on a semi-active control of vibration in order to achieve vibration suppression effect. First, the improved pressure loading system for mathematical modeling, has been on the polishing process grinding plate equations of motion; Then, the semi-active control of the control strategy designed to get its control algorithm; Finally, in Simulink in semi-active control strategy for the system simulation analysis, and simulation results with  nonwoven belt and without control system simulation results were compared and analyzed. Comparative analysis showed that the design of semi-active control method can effectively inhibit the double-sided polishing machine grinding plate vibration phenomena.Simulation using finite element analysis software from cast iron, tin, PTFE and other materials combined into a grinding disc, grinding disc loading conditions with maximum deformation relationship. The results show that cut off wheel  the grinding disc material elastic modulus, the greater the smaller the maximum deformation; with a hard material for the substrate, the soft material bonded to the surface of rigid material together form a grinding disc, grinding disc loaded far less than the amount of deformation of soft materials used alone as the grinding

Some tiles abrasives mainly explained

Currently , ceramic tiles used in the production of grinding and classification no uniform standard . According to the actual use of the ceramic industry , according to the type of binding agent , can be divided into the following categories: inorganic binder Sanding Sheets  ( Ling dry soil binding agent , a metal binding agent) and an organic binding agent ( unitary purpose unsaturated polyester resin, a phenol resin, a cyclic epoxy resin ) Ling dry soil bonded abrasives and polished stone industry is the most widely used grinding tools , used for coarse grinding and polishing . It is composed of turbot dry soil ( MgO ) and the role of magnesium chloride solution , after a series of physical and chemical changes in the formation of chlorine magnesium compounds as binder . Metal binding agent, mainly used cut off wheel  in the manufacture of diamond abrasive. Usually automatic grinding machine for continuous milling , drilling generally made ​​of copper metal powder such as tin -nickel binder preparation , after mixing with the abrasive , abrasive pressing sintering , a durable , high efficiency, large grinding, and so on. Unsaturated polyester resin binder is a new binding agent , used for continuous grinding production lines and some coarse polishing wheel, good self-sharpening , sharp zirconia flap disc  high. The main categories divided according abrasive diamond tools ( such as diamond roller , diamond grinding wheels , etc. ) and silicon carbide abrasive ( commonly known as grinding blocks ) two categories. Using functional classification according to the characteristics of the current abrasive ceramic tiles are divided into: Calibrating a diamond roller ( or King Kong roller mill ) ; kibble a diamond cylindrical wheels , planetary gear ; rough polishing a silicon carbide grinding block ( coarse medium ) ; fine polishing a silicon carbide grinding block ( fine number ) ; size processing ( squaring and chamfering ) a diamond grinding wheel, tangential milling round ( round ring ) , diamond chamfering wheels, resin chamfering wheel.

Compared with carbide tools

ceramic cutting hardness up to 92-95 HRA, good wear resistance, under the same conditions for machining steel materials, its wear only P10 (YT15) Carbide Tool 1/15, the tool long life. Meanwhile, ceramic knives and steel and other metal materials, small affinity, low coefficient of friction, anti-adhesion and anti-proliferation ability, cutting knife is abrasive wheel  not easy to stick and BUE, good surface quality. Heat-resistant ceramic tool is also very good, at 1,200 ℃ can maintain 80HRA so high hardness, it is suitable for high-speed cutting at high temperatures and dry cutting, and the price is much lower than similar cutting with diamond and cubic boron nitride cutting tools. Carbide ceramics with common performance comparison of two materials.
The main disadvantage of ceramic cutting tools flexural strength, fracture toughness and low modulus of elasticity, brittleness. For a long time primarily as a finishing tool, representing the proportion of various types of tool material is small. However, the  mini flap disc last decade, the materials science and manufacturing technology, by controlling the grain size and purity of raw materials, the use of hot isostatic pressing and sintering processes and other methods (made of a sintered ceramic, its strength and Cold Pressed good hardness than in the past; while using hot isostatic pressing into the legal system of the ceramic, its dense, higher strength, resistance to chipping performance), add a variety of carbides, nitrides, borides and oxides can improve the performance of the ceramic, and  metal cutting wheel through a pellet, crystal repair, phase transformation, micro-cracks, and several synergistic toughening mechanisms to improve the fracture toughness and strength, the bending strength of the ceramic only increased to 0.9-1.0 GPa (High up to 1.3-1.5 GPa, has cemented carbide quite), and it has greatly improved impact resistance, growing range of applications, in addition to be used for general finishing and semi-finishing, it can also be used under the shock load roughing.

Abrasive wire technology to explore

Currently, some brush-users in order to compensate for lack of certain features of the abrasive brush, and do a single change, such as: bold wire diameter, use a more coarse abrasive, longer length wire brush, etc., although it seems to solve the problem, has brought more new problems, such as: 1, bold wire diameter (1) The user's intention is clear, bold  Mounted flap wheel wire diameter is to improve the hardness, enhance the cutting forces. But the real high-quality abrasive wire, hardness and flexibility to obtain an optimal balance performance: suitable hardness make products have a good rigidity, good contact and grinding the workpiece; appropriate flexibility so that the brush has good elasticity, both ensure the machining accuracy of the workpiece surface, but also reduce brush wear of the polishing operation and the internal stress, thereby improving the life of the brush, do not appear broken wire. (2) There have been experiments show that: all of the conditions the same, but not the same wire diameter, 14mil 12mil wear volume is twice the wire brush. Bold wire diameter caused major problems are: reduction in the  velcro disc density wire brush, reduce fatigue resistance, wear faster and shorter life, grinding stress increases, more broken wires. 3) is correct: the hardness of the brush can meet the technical requirements of the premise, as compared to filament diameter. 2, extended length wire brush
Users feel, scrap grinding brush bristles shorter, longer wire brush, better flexibility, durability should be better longer. It made a major mistake! Lengthened bristles, wire brush section is not working, but the wire brush on the side of the work, even worse is the  Bonded abrasives oscillation amplitude of each strand (angle) a significant increase (see Figure 1), at 800-2500 rpm / min, wire brush foundation of internal stress and fatigue factor increased exponentially, resulting in extremely abrasive wire brush broken wires and filaments significant deformation. Description: When the correct length 8CM wire brush, the brush bristles swings about 25 degrees, and more extended 1CM, an increase of about 10 degree angle, wire brush foundation of internal stress and fatigue factor multiplied.

cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheel

Diamond, cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheel is characterized by high hardness, high thermal conductivity, high sharp grinding the resulting high rate. For modern industrial machining efficient, powerful grinding. Use high-tech means to make vitrified not only to maintain its original performance of hard and brittle, and low sintering temperature, high sanding roll  strength, high toughness, holding abrasive performance is good, and with heat, oil, water, acid, since sharp, and can be trimmed, trimming long interval, a uniform porosity, easy cooling, chip and so on. In the grinding process is not blocked, do not burn the workpiece, and iron group elements can not afford chemical changes were inert, reducing the workpiece in the grinding fatigue, increased life of the workpiece, thereby improving the quality of workpiece roughness , efficiency, and automation of machining a workpiece, to reduce overall costs.
Abrasives choice
Abrasive shape and appearance shall be sanding paper roll  chosen depending on the user's machine tools and workpieces to determine the requirements for abrasive, please reference standards when designing the shape and dimension tables, try to select standard shapes and sizes.
Note: When selecting a new abrasive, we also need to provide the following technical information so that  abrasive cloth belt we can grasp your requirements
Workpiece material, grade and hardness of the surface roughness machine type wire-speed grinding wheel depth (micron / single stroke) grinding allowance (mm) Cooling (dry grinding / wet) Ceramic diamond wheel can be drawn according to the literal meaning of a combination of diamond and ceramic became a ceramic diamond wheel. This is compared to an ordinary wheel. Grinding of the more powerful, low temperature in the grinding time, reduce the number of the degree of wear. Will not cause damage to the product. Good heat dissipation, repair when convenient. Currently abroad this ceramic diamond wheel has gradually increased.

grinding wheel advantages

Precisely because of these advantages, plating wheel speed, ultra-high speed grinding occupy undisputed dominance. Electroplated diamond grinding wheel defects exist: the coating and abrasive belt  the substrate and the metal surface is not kept firmly binding the abrasive chemical metallurgical bonding, actually only be mechanically entrapped abrasive coating metal inlay, thus gripping force is small, efficient grinding diamond particles heavier load shedding (or plating flaking) and lead to an overall failure; increase gripping force as is necessary to increase the thickness of the coating, and the results highly abrasive bare chip space is reduced, wheel prone to clogging, the cooling effect is poor, prone to burn the workpiece surface. Currently electroplated grinding wheel manufacturing has not been nonwoven belt  achieved by optimized processing conditions required to design the best grinding wheel topography, single electroplated diamond grinding these inherent drawbacks will be significantly limited its efficient grinding applications. ① plating process is simple, less investment, ease of manufacture;
② without dressing, easy to use;
③ monolayer structure  oloc disc determines it can reach very high operating speed, now abroad, has reached 250 ~ 300m / s;
④ Although only a single layer of diamond, but there is still enough life;
⑤ For high acc

artificial diamond abrasive similar

Superabrasive CBN is another type, its function and artificial diamond abrasive similar, but also has some common than the artificial diamond strengths, such as heat better than artificial diamond. CBN launched later than the artificial diamond, the Department of trial seminars around the 1970s, and it can be said comer. CBN in the early 90s all large international industrial production to carry out a larger state, such  cutting disc as the former Soviet Union, the CBN has been carried out to a value of more than 50 million carats. CBN also in our late eighties or early nineties and carry out new product trial, but slower, its origins lie in technology and skills are far behind other industrial prosperous nation, and thus its implementation and use must also have been bound.
Artificial diamond and cubic boron nitride abrasive. In carrying out artificial diamond and cubic boron nitride abrasive superhard abrasive together, these two super abrasive abrasive has also been carried out accordingly, artificial diamond abrasive to carry out faster. To the current, artificial diamond abrasive developed into a relatively intact, sophisticated and self-contained processing skill areas. Artificial diamond abrasive products such as electroplated diamond saw blades cut the inner circle, needle narrow belt  files, grinding, artificial diamond saw blades, blade structure, artificial diamond dressing pen, stone with diamond abrasive, diamond cylindrical grinding wheel, processing of iron oxide the use of diamond abrasive.
Diamond dressing roller and diamond or cubic boron nitride and carbide abrasive composite film series so kind and make continuous improvement and progress.
(Four) The fourth stage (late nineties)
Into the nineties, abrasives production and sale of professional, scientific research plays a very big change in the performance of the primary types of increasingly diversified, specialization, but also an unprecedented fierce competition, research and sale as each manufacturer The top priority, and as a professional belt manufacturers produced, as well. But with the international coated abrasives abrasive products, especially, whether it is on the kind or quality of the distance is great. Thus, the  abrasive tools pressing need to increase investment in scientific and technological strength of coated abrasives quick progress especially belt senior product types and quality levels to face the high-quality, multi-species needs to wave. If the current National Senior times coated abrasives production value of 400 million square meters, I count early 2000 will reach 7 million to 10 million square meters dosage needs. This is something that our joint efforts to open up a broad way out of this mall.

abrasive wide gap between the cutting edge

Flat low roughness grinding, high-speed grinding wheel dresser installation location, not a mistake
1) Low coarse roughness plane grinding, grinding wheel dresser wheel frame should not be installed in the outer end of the ram.
Since this installation method  mini flap disc Dresser forward out of the many, grinding due to weight and lean deformation, resulting in the bus and grinding wheel is not parallel to the direction of movement, the grinding wheel and workpiece poor contact.
Wheel vibration will make the dresser while vibration, and affect the wheel rounding effects. Therefore Dresser should be placed on a countertop, and is located in the grinding position of the workpiece to avoid these shortcomings.
2) Adjust the grinding wheel dresser, the grinding wheel dressing mechanism and the action point of the workpiece can not be in a different location point of grinding, the grinding point of the abrasive fibre disc  trimming mechanism and the workpiece grinding point at the same position, trimmed wheel balancing good.A belt grinding efficiency, as an ordinary grinding wheel 5 times. Belt size can be large (wide and 4m), suitable for large area efficient processing, processing a wide range of materials.
 2 produces less heat due to friction and heat dissipation, and can effectively reduce the deformation of the workpiece and burns. However, due to belt can not be trimmed, the processing accuracy is generally lower than the grinding wheel, as it is carefully processed, the  velcro disc dimensional accuracy of up to 0.0012mm, flatness up to 0.001mm.
 3 abrasive wide gap between the cutting edge, chip clogging, good machinability, for open belt grinding, there are always new grit into the grinding zone, relative to the grinding wheel condition is more stable.

For cutting tool materials for metal

For cutting tool materials for metal, generally there are hardness, toughness, strength, hot hardness, thermal conductivity and other indicators, including hardness and toughness are a very important indicator. Of course, is the ideal tool material hardness, toughness flap disc  of both. This is our tool sector targets, but there are already cutting the material properties as shown below.
For the machining of hard materials, the original use is generally fine particles toughness cemented carbide, cubic boron nitride or stiffness better. Now, some providers have developed the tool is particularly suitable for machining hard materials with a TiAlN coating fine abrasive roll  particles of carbide, such TiAlN coating 3000HV, purple.
Cubic boron nitride (referred to as CBN) is for the most hardened ferrous metal hard tool materials. Because although it is slightly lower than the hardness of the diamond, but the composition of diamond material is carbon, and ferrous metals (iron-carbon alloy) will occur in  velcro disc the processing of chemical wear and can not be used for machining ferrous metals.
Cubic boron nitride hard material processing has the following requirements: CBN content of <60%; micro-particle structure; high edge strength; low thermal conductivity
Such CBN can be used for processing 50-65HRC hard material

substrate Abrasive Finishing disc material impact

 This combination of three low-temperature ceramic agent performance comprehensive study results showed that: refractoriness of 775 ℃, flow of 110% ~ 130% linear expansion coefficient of 5.79 × 10-6 ℃ -1 V2 low temperature vitrified The integrated performance. By  abrasive paper sheet differential thermal analysis, the measurement temperature range V2 binding agent produced no apparent crystalline phase. Prepared with binding agents V2 vitrified CBN grinding after firing at 800 ℃ sample, flexural strength of abrasive optimum value 67.5 MPa. The disc was prepared in good sharp grinding, grinding fewer intermediate dressing, disc's durability. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) for CBN grinding grinding grinding surface  abrasive roll morphology were observed, indicating that the binding agent on the abrasive grains bonded firmly, homogeneous cross section.Using W14, W3.5 of B4C grains on sapphire substrate precision grinding rough grinding and Experimental Research. Comparative analysis of cast iron, synthetic and synthetic copper tin plate rough grinding surface roughness of the sapphire substrate and the abrasive surface uniformity, test results show that iron lapping  abrasive fibre disc plate sapphire substrate obtained macroscopic uniformity and flatness of the surface are better than synthetic copper plate and synthetic tin plate, the cast iron lapping plate machined face sapphire substrate peak value of the error is less than 5μm, centerline average surface roughness Ra <0.82gm. Precision grinding test results show that the copper plate and synthetic abrasive W3.5B4C sapphire substrate effectively improve the uniformity of the surface, obtained Ra <20nm, face 1.6μm peak error of less than a uniform surface, sapphire ultra-precision grinding and laid a good foundation.

wheel cutting performance is affected by the shape

resin grinding wheel cutting performance is affected by the shape, balance and other effects:
We start with the analysis of the thickness, the thickness is large cut slit width, wheel consumption; when the intensity is assured, the thickness is as small as possible, saving and  Abrasive paper saving material to be cut wheel material; parallelism large, kerf width is determined by thickest determine the strength determined by the thinnest, cutting wear large and vibrations, affecting the entire cutting process. When the wheel center thickness, edge thickness h, the cutting process will be grinding wheel side is cut workpieces. Like a wedge, like artificial parts to be "stuck", so, resin grinding wheel can be made thin in the middle, surrounded by thick is reasonable state.
When the resin wheel runout large, early cutting wheel  in the cutting vibration, could easily lead to wheel off the block, impact strength and cutting, but cutting automatically after finishing, the overall impact is small.
When the resin wheel end to the beating large, cutting back and forth, cutting width larger. Material to be cut unnecessary consumption and more consumption of naturally big wheel, big impact.
The more unbalanced, the cutting vibration, could easily lead to wheel off the block, the impact strength.

blade if not used immediately

1 blade if not used immediately, it should be flat or use the hole to hang up, the blade can not be stacked horizontally with other items or foot, and pay attention to moisture and corrosion.
(2) When the blade is no longer  sandpaper roll sharp cutting surface roughness must be promptly re-grinding. Grinding can not change the original angle, and destruction balancing.
3 blade diameter correction, positioning hole machining, etc., must be carried out by the factory. If the processing is bad, will affect the product effect, and may be dangerous, reaming in principle can not exceed the original diameter 20mm, so as not to affect the balance of stress.
4 of alloy wheel selection. 1) resin abrasive roll  bond diamond grinding wheel bond strength is weak, it can be self-sharpening, grinding, and not blocked, high grinding efficiency, small grinding force, low grinding temperature, the disadvantage is poor wear resistance, abrasive wear and tear , it is not suitable for heavy duty grinding. 2) vitrified diamond grinding wheel wear resistance and superior binding capacity of the  sandpaper resin binder, sharp cutting, grinding, high efficiency, easy to heat and clogging, thermal expansion is less easy to control precision, shortcomings coarse grinding surface, higher costs . 3) metal-bonded diamond wheels combined with high strength, wear resistance, low wear, long life, grinding, low cost, can withstand a greater load, but sharp poor, easy to plug. 4) abrasive particle size on the grinding wheel cutting the amount of blockage and have a certain influence, coarse sand and fine sand compared to the depth of cut large abrasive cutting edge wear increases, whereas wheel easy to plug. 5) Wheel hardness greater impact on congestion, high hardness, high thermal conductivity wheel is not conducive to surface cooling, but is conducive to improve .

select the appropriate blade

1 Press the device design requirements select the appropriate blade.
(2) The equipment shall be equipped with safety devices, such as: protective cover, power brakes, overload protection.
3 There are professional operators Abrasive paper  to install and use, and wear work clothes, wearing goggles, earmuffs and so on.
4 operator can not wear gloves, long hair work to be placed inside the cap, and pay attention to ties and cuff, to avoid any danger.
5 away from the fire source and humid environments.
Installation Requirements
1, the equipment in good condition, spindle no distortion, no track jump, fixed solid, no vibration.
2, check the blade for damage, tooth is  complete, sawn board is flat and smooth, and the presence of other anomalies, in cutting disc  order to ensure safe use.
3, the assembly, make sure the blade spindle rotation direction of the arrow with the device in the same direction.
4, the blade installed to keep the axis of the chuck and clean flange, flange diameter of the blade diameter, ensuring that the blade flange closely integrated, installed dowel pins, tighten the nut. Flange size should be appropriate, outside diameter shall be abrasive cloth belt  not less than the blade diameter of 1/3.
5, the device before starting, to ensure safety in the case, a single person to operate the equipment, jog idling, check the device rotation is correct, with or without vibration, blade installed idling after the first few minutes, without slipping, swing or normal after beating work.
Requirements
1, work, work should ensure that fixed profile positioning in line to eat cutting direction to avoid abnormal cut, do not exert side pressure or curve cutting, feed to a smooth, avoid contact with the workpiece edge impact resistance, resulting in damage to the blade, or workpiece flying out of an accident.

sandpaper tape Paper resolve

 Selected paper to be anti-enter several errors, the primary demand of the substrate is not the same demand. Second, we must pay attention to compliance with the binder paper, usually in terms of A-level paper is mainly used to produce silicon carbide sandpaper 3M transparent adhesive tape made with epoxy resin; B grade paper production generally  abrasive belt waterproof sandpaper 3M adhesive tape made with alkyd resin caking agent, latex paper mill producing ultra-dry sandpaper 3M tape is coated with an epoxy or phenolic resin as a binder, there are companies in order to decrease production costs. A grade paper latex paper also uses urea-formaldehyde resin alkyd resin binder to do.
These two kinds of paper production processes using process is not the same, not suitable for use as the data is not high bond strength 3M tape adhesive sandpaper, otherwise it will affect the Abrasive paper  wear durability. Also pay attention to positive and negative mixed paper, temperature gauge, the other is not necessarily easy to pull the larger paper.Matrix, abrasives, adhesives known as coated abrasives three elements. The most widely used base paper substrate, the largest amount of data. Paper is mainly used to produce waterproof sandpaper 3M tape, 3M sandpaper dry grinding tape, sandpaper wood 3M tape, paper-based belt and so on. Coated abrasives production process, the matrix direct impact on product quality, because each production enterprise production equipment and technology to deposit a big difference, so choose appropriate paper for stable product quality have greater assistance.

After profiling machine assembly plant

After profiling machine assembly plant assembly after molding to re-enter the next process: sanded, first with 70 # 80 # wheel or wheel assembly after the small piece to eradicate residual traces of the blade, H line, vertical line, arc line other major relied on to sweep straight, Swinger, give sanded invention favorable conditions.
One, the first water sandpaper, sandpaper abrasive wheel  on items processed surface. Sandpaper on hand to numerous articles in uniform working surface grinding, the grinding process. To add a little too much pressure on the hand, so that the grinding effect faster, to eradicate traces on a process, how to tune it to see early signs of the previous process clearly. The surface of the water, dry goods processing. They know the surface looked around, this procedure mainly for the goods to the shape of the exterior surface grinding place items at the polished rough machined surface. This ceramic belt  process must be sharpened, or behind the grinding process can not reach no matter how begged. It should be noted: the case of coarse sandpaper, grit coarse grinding capacity. To master;
Polish: polishing powder polishing, with clean water and cotton Bucharest few items machining surface polishing powder in uniform grinding back and forth many times until water mill dry, rough degrees arrived norms interruption, polished items such as specular gloss, bright illumination man . Raging degree can reach 90-110 degrees, color, particles, markings real, natural, authentic marble items reflect the natural handsome.

grinding and polishing tools

Most of the abrasive is made of abrasive plus artificial abrasive binding agent, is also useful natural mineral rock directly processed into natural abrasive. In addition to grinding and other metal processing machinery  abrasive manufacture manufacturing industry has been widely used, but also for food processing, paper industry and the ceramics, glass, stone, plastic, rubber, wood and other non-metal materials processing.
Abrasive in use, when the blunt abrasive, because cutting wheel  the abrasive agent or a combination of its own to break fracture, the abrasive grain  from the partial or complete loss, the working surface of the abrasive grinding emerging new cutting edge, sharp or continuously exposing new abrasive grains, the abrasive can be maintained within a certain time cutting. This self-sharpening abrasive is abrasive tool compared with the general prominent feature.
Abrasives source of their raw materials, with natural and artificial abrasive abrasive categories. Commonly used in machinery industry is only natural abrasive Whetstone. Artificial abrasive characteristics according to the basic shape and structure of the distinction between a grinding wheel, grinding, stone, sand tile (the foregoing collectively referred abrasive) and coated abrasives five. In addition, it is customary also put abrasives abrasive as a class.
Bonded Abrasives are used by different abrasives can be  stone cutting wheeldivided into ordinary abrasive abrasive and superabrasive abrasive. The former corundum and silicon carbide and other common abrasive, the latter with diamond and cubic boron nitride and other superhard abrasive material. In addition, there are some special varieties, such as sintered corundum abrasive and so on.
By ordinary abrasive abrasive abrasive solid binding agent to form a certain shape common, and has a certain strength abrasive. Generally abrasive, binder and pore structure, these three parts are frequently referred to as the three elements of abrasive.
Abrasive abrasive cutting action play. Binding agent is a solid form of the abrasive loose abrasive materials, with inorganic and organic types. Inorganic binder with ceramic, magnesite, sodium silicate and the like; organic a resin, rubber and shellac. One of the most commonly used is a ceramic, resin and rubber binding agent.

the base paper is negative confusion

Paper has positive and negative of the points, paper affixed to the paper machine wire section called opposite side, the other side is called positive. Positive than smooth. Because paper is not the same as well as equipment manufacturers of coated abrasives manufacturer requirements are  grinding disc not the same, paper front and back are quite different, not the same as oil absorption, smoothness are quite different, and therefore according to the production requirements of enterprise production varieties coarse grained selection Use positive and negative plant sand. There are paper manufacturers factory marked positive and negative, are not marked, you can use the following methods to determine: the naked eye structurally different sides of the paper can be folded up the complex pattern observed and compared. Another method of the paper placed in an oven dried, to observe the crimping method, often referred to in the opposite side of the curl. 4, the paper temperature gauge. Since differences in paper manufacturing process, the decision paper heat resistance, ordinary waterproof sandpaper 70-80 ℃ to meet production requirements, the use of rosin sizing agent A grade paper or paper produced over if  cutting disc handled 100 ℃, or the drying time is too long paper are prone to brittle, particularly prone to break, breakage phenomena. But the use of Class A paper sizing process production can reach 120 ℃ not crisp. Therefore, the base paper production enterprises to understand the performance, according to different process requirements reasonable control of temperature, so that the proper use, in order to avoid damage due to high temperature substrate, resulting in quality problems sandpaper.
5, the greater the paper tension is not necessarily easy to use. Papermaking process, if we do not rely on chemical additives pulp fiber, its strength is not enough, in order to improve adhesion between the fibers, paper strength enhancing water resistance, usually papermaking pulp or by adding a certain amount of chemical additives. However, if you use this additive will prevent excess resin infiltration, also we often say no oil, the better the pursuit of paper on a misunderstanding tension, only this one indicator does not reflect the quality of paper inside, must be integrated detection of other physical indicators, such as quantitative, tightness, folding, absorbency, water and so on.
 Third, the paper requires a sandpaper appearance quality. Generally speaking paper fortune teller, a color to be basically the abrasive flap disc  same, each batch of special qualities of paper to be consistent, otherwise it will affect the surface color trademark. Two dust can not be excessive, does not allow creases, wrinkles, through the curtain, eyelet, especially various colors of paper can not have a piebald. Three smoothness of the paper should be smooth, felt marks can not be too obvious, both quantitative and thickness to be consistent, otherwise the production is likely deviation. Four volumes ends neat trimming, can not have the break. Five paper core tube intact, and the hardness is better, not too much weight per Roll, generally based on the size specifications of each roll with 300-600kg appropriate. 2, within the quality. First of sand paper should be used 100% softwood kraft pulp production, you can not select the "sandwich paper" on paper papermaking when adding a certain amount of paper between layers of waste paper pulp, and then use a good paste noodles, the production of paper, looks no different with puree .

Sandpaper belt although items can reach to eliminate uneven appearance

but in the use of 3M sandpaper belt in the process will leave traces of sanding and grinding track, which makes our heart is  flap wheel very angry. Reason is because the use of sandpaper breeds demand manipulation useful items leave traces in polished midnight, then need to use fine sandpaper this one.
Sandpaper belt has a variety of scope, encompassing during wet grinding and dry grinding occasions, worn old paint, stripping old paint, a feather edge grinding and so on. Because the quality of light sandpaper, minimal wear and tear on the machine parts, so it is easy to deal with some difficult machining parts, such as long, large parts of the plane of the abrasive belt  fine processing, and sandpaper film cut low cost, simple equipment, noise and dust is small, good environmental benefits are worthwhile.
Sandpaper belt varieties complicated not only eradicate the appearance of a variety of goods grime, but also progressive appearance articles gloss, reach over to fix the appearance of a flat and  quick change disc smooth rough. Selection can be based on the use of polished nature of the information, such as with a small hand-held device can be selected when sanding belt machine, the Almighty belt machine, desktop belt machine; larger devices can be used flat belt grinders, centerless grinding belt and so on.

sandpaper belt grinding of pre-history

 Sandpaper belt grinding pre-history are the following:1, sandpaper belt to complete the function of the effect is the effect of grinding: the use of sandpaper sizes, fine sand strange grinding on ceramic belt  demand goods, so that the product of increasingly sophisticated, increasingly silky. About 3M sandpaper belt grinding function of the deposition of another long before history was not special, but it is very tough to carry out.
So accustomed to all kinds of new materials, parts grinding. Grinder and wheel types, functions has also been further carried out. Fundamentally cut off wheel  based on the type of out 10 series, fine precision type, semi-automatic, inclined wheel type, NC, wide wheel-type, multi-piece wheel-type, high-speed, multi-wheel frame type, strong grinding type.
2, and a variety of modern machinery processing carried out the presentation of new material
 Ongoing follow modern machining and various new materials continue to show its precision roughness pleading looks increasingly high, the corresponding loss of various grinding points to continue to  abrasive tools show ongoing satisfaction of modern industry these years, 3M sandpaper belt grinding skills are moving in this direction to carry out research, development and use of new, superhard abrasives development and implementation of ultra-fine grinding and efficient grinding process and development, application in high-precision, high rigidity grinder and grinding.

organic abrasive applications

Hand grinding is divided into fixed and mobile handheld handheld grinding grinding. The grinding machine fixed, handheld grinding workpiece way, called a fixed-held grinding. Processing using a hand-held grinding machine for grinding a movable manner, referred to as mobile handheld grinding.
Hand Grinding main application areas:
(1) with a shortage of  grinding wheel china portable resin grinding wheel, processing large and bulky hard parts installed on the grinder. Such as: large castings kibble.
(2) high-speed cymbals shape grinding wheel or steel, paper, processing has been assembled with other 'parts of the workpiece. Such as: heavy construction components and ship components.
(3) for small adjustments required for grinding. Such as: In large parts of the limited common position on calibration assembly.
(4) a high speed grinding wheel cymbals, final shaping of the workpiece or the workpiece with the adjacent rounded junction portion, which has been already welded assembly or grinding the workpiece. Such as: the processing of the car body.
(5) for the irregular shape of the sculpture on the surface machining. Such as: mold processing.
(6) workpiece finishing. Which requires rounding of the workpiece or finishing grinding to the surface appearance, performance, satisfaction, while the shape and size without strict requirements. Example: cymbals grinding wheel with bendable stainless steel products processing, PVA grinding wheel with a stone and so on.
(7) in a limited area of ​​the surface to nonwoven belt  make a small grinding to form a special shape, such as: a variety of tools such as grinding sharp.
3, cutting machining applications
Resin sheet wheel mainly used in metallurgical industry, steel bars, steel, flat steel, angle iron, channel, rail, steel and other metal materials cutting; semiconductor industry, silicon, germanium, sapphire, ferrite, graphite, ceramics, quartz and other metal and non-metallic materials, precision thin slice processing; like and building materials industry, chemical industry, aerospace industry, mechanical industry, automobile industry, shipbuilding industry, metal and nonmetal materials cutting.
Cutting of the metal material, the Bonded abrasives  use of the resin sheet wheel cutting, has the following advantages:
(A) cutting speed. Metal cutting, the cutting wheel cutting speed is other cutting methods (such as saws, car cut) of 10 times.
(2) cutting high dimensional accuracy. Grinding wheel cutting, the cut width and the smoothness of the cut surface, in general, better than cutting metalworking.
(3) a smooth cutting surface. After cutting wheel are often not subject to its surface finish, and after sawing the cut surface is obvious.
(4) for cutting hard materials. Such as hardened steel and metal carbides and brittle non-metallic materials cutting.
(5) abrasive use, good self-sharpening, no trimming.
(6) low cost. Use abrasive cut the cost significantly lower than other cutting methods.

wheel how to pay attention to the maximum speed

Grinding may cause serious injury, from the prone negligence: the ultra-high-speed operation wheel.
When the wheel to the rated maximum speed much higher than the speed of operation, probably in operation  abrasive sanding belt within minutes broken,
And if the wheel speed of operation is slightly higher than its rated speed a little, there may be dangerous.
This is not very serious overspeed condition may cause wheel damage, and the damage they may cause further
Fragmentation occurs after use. For example, in a 7-inch angle grinder to 7,700 r / min to enhance the speed of
9 inches in diameter, 27 type maximum rated speed of 6,600 r / min grinding wheel, grinding wheel may cause cracks.
This may cause cracks occurred after fragmentation.
The following actions may result in overspeed condition:
Mounted on the grinder, such as "gun shaped" pneumatic grinder;
Directly mounted on the motor wheel;
In the wheel size incorrect wheel installed on the machine;
Without proper maintenance of grinding disc  the machine components, in particular pneumatic controller of the machine on the machine and the floor-connection mechanism;
Incorrect use of the gas source, the hydraulic source or power supply;
Using an improperly set machine speed.
Ultra-high-speed running wheel may cause wheel breakage. Icon wheel cracks on the ultra-high speed wheel generated when running,
It may lead to accidents.
Any such action will have a catastrophic situation that could cause serious injury or death.
State to run the risk of speeding from the centrifugal force. As a result of rotation, the centrifugal force in cutting and grinding disc  the rope
The end of the round weight for rotary motion prompted the weight force of the rope taut. When the wheel's rotation time,
The same force will cause the weight of the grinding wheel away from the rotation center of the pull.
The centrifugal force will increase with the speed proportional way to increase, but instead with the square of the speed increase,
This fact led to a dangerous existence. When the selected speed doubled, the centrifugal force will increase fourfold.
This effect means that relatively small changes in speed can cause a huge increase in power