Selection of abrasive wheels

Corundum has good machinability and self-sharpening, suitable for grinding martensite and martensite ferritic stainless steel; monocrystalline corundum high toughness and hardness than corundum, suitable Mounted flap wheel  for grinding austenite and austenite and ferrite stainless steel; microcrystalline corundum good self-sharpening, easy to get sharp micro blade, high strength, good toughness, suitable for grinding stainless steel, and reduce galling, burns and reduce the grinding surface roughness values. Stainless steel inner hole grinding, grinding wheel diameter is abrasive paper sheet  small, and every single abrasive cutting the number of times to participate more easily blunt, microcrystalline corundum or single crystal corundum is better. Corundum grinding wheel selection was also very effective, not only high grinding efficiency, but also easy to burn the workpiece. Austenitic stainless steel grinding off, in order to solve the serious wheel adhesion  non woven abrasive problems, may also brittle and sharp silicon carbide grinding wheel or diamond wheel to improve grinding efficiency. When the grinding hardness greater than 275HBW martensitic stainless steel should be used cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheel.Abrasive particle size, surface roughness on the stainless steel has a direct impact. Usually by grinding granular, make the surface roughness after grinding is smaller. However, due to the toughness of stainless steel, the use of a fine-grained grinding wheel, grinding wheel debris blockage of the loss of adhesion easy cutting ability, and easy to make the surface roughening, and thus should be used in coarse-grained grinding wheel.

the grinding wheel's role in stomatal

Wheel Organization means of abrasive wheel, binders, pore volume of the relationship between the three. Obviously, the pores in the volume occupied by the larger wheel, the wheel the stone cutting wheel  more loose, in essence, is to choose the pore volume occupied by the grinding wheel. Therefore, the pores can not be ignored in the chip in the grinding and cooling effect. When low hardness grinding toughness of the material, or the grinding wheel and workpiece contact area (with a large flat face grinding wheel), and the processing of viscous materials that are hard, the chip is difficult, the cooling condition is not good, this time as errors closely with the organization's wheel, the wheel will definitely lead to blockage by cut off wheel  debris, surface burns and other adverse consequences. Such as for a large porosity, loose tissue wheel, not only can a large chip space debris away thicker, to prevent clogging wheel, reducing the surface scratches; larger pores can be more cutting fluid into the grinding zone, enhancing the cooling effect, prevent the workpiece surface burns.
 Must be pointed out, wheel too loose, it mini flap disc  will lead to faster wheel wear, short life, need regular trimming wheel, replace wheel, grinding affect productivity; forming grinding and precision grinding, grinding wheel is not conducive to maintaining a work-surface formability, and reduce machining accuracy. At this point, should choose a more compact organization of the wheel.

gear grinding machine safety operation

1, based on the use of wheel clarify book, select the grinder spindle revolutions fit of the wheel.
2, the new leader of the wheel have flap disc  factory certification, or reflection experiments logo. Devices found in front wheel quality, hardness, size and appearance of cracks and other defects, you can not use.
3, the device wheel, the wheel spindle bore with the gap should not be too tight, should be loose with the technical requirements, the general control in 0.05? / FONT> 0.10 mm.
4, wheel flange to be installed on both  abrasive paper sheet sides, with a diameter not less than the diameter of the third wheel, between the wheel and the flange gasket should be a good pad.
5, tighten the nut, use your common wrench, not overtighten prohibited hammer with a hard thing to avoid wheel hit by fragmentation.
6, wheel installed, to install shields, baffles and brackets. Baffles and the gap between the bracket and the wheel, you should insist on 1? / FONT> 3 millimeter, and slightly lower than the wheel center. 7, the newly installed wheel starts, not too fast, the first jog introspection, after 5-10 minutes after commissioning, talent use. 8, can not PSA sanding disc  overexert initial grinding, grinding wheel uneven force attack to avoid an accident. 9 to stop grinding copper, lead, wood, What, to prevent wheel impaction. 10 Brothers, the person should stand front wheel drive, while they are not allowed on a sharpening wheel. 11 days longer tool sharpening, should be promptly stopped cooling, avoid hot. 12, and often the appearance of the equilibrium degree of wheel dressing, adhere to good form. 13, Sharpening personnel should wear protective glasses. 14, vacuum cleaners must crippled invalid, if found wrong, should be repaired, whether it should be discontinued sharpening.

resin grinding wheel (sheet) production status analysis

1.1 resin sheet wheel manufacturing as a traditional industry still has strong vitality
Fiber-reinforced resin sheet wheel (herein refers to a secondary resin cutting discs and resin cymbals grinding wheel) as one of the tools of industrial consumption in many areas of the  abrasive paper sheet metal, nonmetal data cutting, grinding, the carry forward an important role. Because of its block cutting speed, cutting dimensional accuracy and appearance of flatness higher, stronger compliance and cutting objects using convenient, high cost advantages, the current is still an irreplaceable tool.
The rapid economic conduct, the resin sheet wheel demand is also added from time to time, which provides for practitioners to carry out a good platform.
Similar resin sheet wheel so the technical content and economic value added is relatively low, the energy consumption is relatively high, there is a certain purification, resting force-intensive traditional industries are in China to carry out the transfer degrees, and because of its practice of product demand remains exist, and thus to carry out China is  abrasive cloth belt also increasing the number of degrees to sell. China resin sheet wheel products because of its excellent price than function, supply to other characteristics, in exports with a strong disadvantage, which in recent years both in the resin sheet wheel or in total exports and export proportion has more substantial progress. This also is a resin sheet wheel of life and conduct business provides an important guarantee.
As international product brand influence is low, coupled by the raw materials, process technology, process equipment, management level, staff quality, and many other factors limit the degree of its products compared with the developed countries there is a considerable gap, which thrive in the face of secondary kingdom, the low-end market, the ex-factory price and the market price difference is also larger terminal. Anti used to say, this situation will further promote business expansion technology innovation, progress itself, comprehensive strength, practice provides businesses with the potential to carry out space.
All in all, the resin sheet wheel though is a traditional industry, but because of domestic and foreign market demand for the ideal, there is no reliable alternative products, combined with the international consumption of this product in many favorable conditions, its vitality is still limitless, the key lies in the enterprise Operations thoughts. The industry can also be through product innovation, technology breaks, and other strategic growth market, another traditional industries brilliant. 1.2 resin sheet wheel companies must compete in order to advance their own
Resin sheet wheel manufacturing industry is a very tough competition in the industry.
First, from a technical content and scale of investment in terms of low barriers to entry; localized areas of small-scale users of its use is not very important, it is difficult performance wheel cheaper than the product's features; localized geographic markets deformity conduct; prevent all these are not formed Some good quality, the price is very low, or even fake products flooding the market, causing many enterprises have been dragged into the vicious competition track quagmire, no spirit and ability to engage in product quality and management level of progress.
Secondly, in recent years, chemical products, and  roloc disc other manufacturing abrasive grinding wheels of raw materials prices rose much higher than the wheel product prices rose, resulting in decreased economic efficiency of enterprises.
Third, the rapid economic carried out to provide a small amount of unemployed job, and wheel manufacturing industry because of its break strength, tasks and other unfavorable factors harsh environment, has gradually been resting force bustling market. Even the volatility of the existing workforce is declining, Workers' Activities ten people frequent. Coupled with advances in workers' wages from time to time, is the general trend of social conduct. These elements not only advances the cost of labor costs as a percentage proportion of products, but also increased the difficulty of factory management.
Fourth, the devaluation of the RMB, the adjustment of national industrial policy, for example, reduce the export tax rebate rate of export enterprises engaged in grinding wheel to bring greater negative impact to cost reduction, forcing its expansion ratio of export products, so that increasingly fierce competition in the industry.

the grinding wheel's role in stomatal

 Wheel Organization means of abrasive wheel, binders, pore volume of the relationship between the three. Obviously, the pores in the volume occupied by the larger wheel, the wheel the  abrasive paper sheet more loose, in essence, is to choose the pore volume occupied by the grinding wheel. Therefore, the pores can not be ignored in the chip in the grinding and cooling effect. When low hardness grinding toughness of the material, or the grinding wheel and workpiece contact area (with a large flat face grinding wheel), and the processing of viscous materials that are hard, the abrasive disc  chip is difficult, the cooling condition is not good, this time as errors closely with the organization's wheel, the wheel will definitely lead to blockage by debris, surface burns and other adverse consequences. Such as for a large porosity, loose tissue wheel, not only can a large chip space debris away thicker, to prevent clogging wheel, reducing the surface scratches; larger pores can be more cutting fluid into the grinding zone, enhancing the cooling effect, prevent the workpiece surface burns.
 Must be pointed out, wheel too loose, it will cut off disc  lead to faster wheel wear, short life, need regular trimming wheel, replace wheel, grinding affect productivity; forming grinding and precision grinding, grinding wheel is not conducive to maintaining a work-surface formability, and reduce machining accuracy. At this point, should choose a more compact organization of the wheel.

CBN grinding wheel features

Diamond, cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheel is characterized by high hardness, high thermal conductivity, high  grinding wheel manufacture sharp grinding the resulting high rate. For modern industrial machining efficient, powerful grinding. Use high-tech means to make vitrified not only to maintain its original performance of hard and brittle, and low sintering temperature, high strength, high toughness, holding abrasive performance is good, and with heat, oil, water, acid, since sharp, and can be trimmed, trimming long interval, a uniform porosity, easy cooling, chip and  flap wheel so on. In the grinding process is not blocked, do not burn the workpiece, and iron group elements can not afford chemical changes were inert, reducing the workpiece in the grinding fatigue, increased life of the workpiece, thereby improving the quality of workpiece roughness , efficiency, and automation of machining a workpiece, to reduce overall costs.
Abrasives choice
Abrasive shape and appearance shall be chosen depending on the user's machine tools and workpieces to determine the  grinding disc requirements for abrasive, please reference standards when designing the shape and dimension tables, try to select standard shapes and sizes.
Note: When selecting a new abrasive, we also need to provide the following technical information so that we can grasp your requirements
Workpiece material, grade and hardness of the surface roughness machine type wire-speed grinding wheel depth (micron / single stroke) grinding allowance (mm) Cooling (dry grinding / wet)

Some descriptions abrasive mold

often with elements of Cr, while adding an appropriate amount Ni, Mo and v, function is to improve the hardenability and carburization, in order to facilitate cold extrusion, such steels in the annealed condition to a high plasticity and low deformation resistance , annealing hardness ≤ 1 00HBS. In cold extrusion after carburizing and quenching and tempering treatment, surface hardness up to 58 --- 62HRC. Such steel special steel abroad, such as in Sweden 8416, the United States and other P2 and P4. Often used 12CrNi3A and 12Cr2Ni4A domestic steel, 20Cr2Ni4A, good wear resistance, no collapse and surface spalling, die life. Steel element cr, Ni, Mo, V increases the hardness and wear resistance of the carburized layer and the core part of the strength and toughness.
2) Pre-hardened plastic mold steel
The carbon content of  roloc disc such steels 0.3%-O.55%, common alloying elements Cr, Ni, Mn, v and so on. To improve its machinability, add s, ca other elements. In recent years through the development, introduction and development of several typical plastic mold steel Y55CrNiMn-MoVS (SMI) is a Chinese-developed with S line cutting plastic mold steel, which is characterized by a hardness of pre-hardened state delivery 35_40 HRC, better machinability, no heat treatment after processing, can be used directly. Addition of Ni solid solution strengthening and increased toughness, adding Mn  cutting disc and S-form cutting phase MnS; adding Cr, Mo, V, increases the hardenability of steel on steel 8Cr2S are easy enough steel cutting precision molds.
3) hardening plastic mold steel
In recent years, developed a low cobalt, cobalt-free, low-nickel maraging steel, MASI is a typical maraging steel. The 8150C solution treatment, the hardness is 28-32HRC, bite be machined, and  thin cutting wheel then by 4800C aging, aging when folded out Ni3Mo, Ni3Ti other intermetallic compounds, the hardness of 48-52 HRC. High strength and toughness, dimensional changes during aging small welding performance is good, but the steel is expensive, not very popular in the country.
4) corrosion resistant plastic mold steel
To polyvinyl chloride (Pvc) and ABS and flame resistant resin based plastic products, decomposition products during the forming process

Abrasives some simple narrative

 failure of the plastic deformation
Plastic mold cavity surface pressure, heat can cause plastic deformation failure, especially when small mold equipment when working on large-tonnage, more prone to overload plastic deformation. Plastic mold materials used in insufficient strength and toughness, low deformation resistance; another reason for failure of the plastic deformation is mainly the mold cavity surface of the hardened layer is too thin, the deformation resistance is insufficient or the tempering temperature is higher than the softening temperature of the phase change , leaving the mold early failure.
 Fracture
The main reason is due to structural faults, temperature and the resulting structural stress, thermal stress, or because of insufficient tempering, at the temperature, the residual austenite into martensite, causing local volume expansion, generated in the mold organization Stress due.
Plastic mold Die different working conditions, generally at 150 ℃ -200 ℃ shall work under pressure in addition to being a certain role, but also to withstand temperature. There will be a variety of the same kind of mold failure modes, even in the same mold may also be a variety of injuries. Known from failure mode of plastic, a reasonable selection of plastic mold material and heat treatment is very important, since they are directly related to the life of the mold. So, plastic mold steel should meet the following requirements:
A) heat resistance
With the emergence of high-speed molding machinery, plastic products run faster. As mold temperature at 200 - 350 ℃ between, if  abrasive wheel the plastic flowability is fast forming speed, molding mold part will very soon overtake the surface temperature 400 ℃. In order to ensure the accuracy of the mold and the use of a slight deformation of the mold should have a higher heat resistance steel.
 sufficient abrasion resistance
With the expanded use of plastic, the plastic is often required to add an inorganic glass fiber reinforced plastic materials, as additives added to the plastic flow is greatly reduced, resulting in wear of mold only, the game requires a good wear resistance.
excellent machinability
Most plastic mold, unless needed for some EDM machining and fitter repair. To extend the service life of the cutting tool, the cutting of small hardening process. To prevent mold deformation affect the accuracy and hope machining residual stress can be controlled to a minimum.
good thermal stability
Plastic injection mold tend to be more complex shape parts after quenching difficult to process, so should be PSA sanding disc  used with a good thermal stability of the material after heat treatment when the molding die due to thermal expansion coefficient, heat deformation, due to differences in the size of the temperature the rate of change is small, stable microstructure and die size can be reduced or no longer working, you can ensure that the mold dimensional accuracy and surface roughness.
Mirror processing performance
Cavity surface is smooth, polished to a mirror surface requires molding, the surface roughness is less than Ra0.4μm, to ensure that the appearance of the plastic moldings and facilitate release.
 Heat treatment performance
In die failure accidents, accidents caused due to the heat treatment is generally 52.3%, resulting in the entire heat treatment mold manufacturing process occupies an important position, the metal cutting wheel  quality of heat treatment on the quality of the mold have a greater impact. General requirements for heat deformation small, quenching temperature range, thermal sensitivity is small, especially to have a greater hardenability and hardenability and so on.
Corrosion resistance
During the forming process may emit corrosive gas thermal decomposition corrosive gases such as HC1, HF and other corrosive mold, sometimes in the air stream crossing at the mold corrosion and damage, and called die steel has good corrosion resistance.
4, the new plastic mold steel
General plastic mold often used normalized 45 steel or 40Cr quenched and tempered steel manufacturing. Require a higher hardness of the plastic mold using CrWMn or Crl2MoV other steel manufacturers. For higher operating temperature of the plastic mold, you can choose to use high toughness hot die steel. In order to meet the plastic cavity for dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the higher requirements, also recently developed a series of new die steel.

plastics and plastic molding industry

the quality of the plastic molds are increasingly high requirements, and thus the failure of plastic mold problem and its influencing factors has become an important research topic. The main paper disc  working parts of the plastic molded parts, such as punch, die, etc., which constitute the plastic mold cavity to a variety of molded plastic parts and direct contact with the plastic surface, subjected to pressure, temperature, friction and corrosion effect.
2, plastic materials failure analysis
General mold manufacturing including mold design, selection of materials, heat treatment, machining, commissioning and installation process. According to the survey showed that: die failure factors, the mold material used and the heat treatment is a major factor affecting the service life. From the perspective of total quality management, can not affect the abrasive sanding belt  die life as a polynomial of the various factors and to measure, but should be the product of many factors, so that the merits of mold material and heat treatment process in the whole mold is particularly important.
A common phenomenon from die failure analysis, plastic mold in the service process, can produce wear failure, localized deformation failure and fracture failure. Plastic mold of the important failure modes can be divided into wear failure, failure of local plastic deformation and fracture failure.
3, plastic mold steel performance requirements with the rapid development of manufacturing, plastic mold plastic molding an indispensable tool in the overall proportion of mold production increased year by year, with the development of high-performance plastics and continuous production, types of plastics, increasing use of expanding products to precision, large-scale, complex development. Molding production to high-speed development, mold working conditions are also increasingly complex.
1) Wear and corrosion of the surface of the cavity
Plastic melt with a certain pressure in the mold cavity flow, solidification of the plastic parts from the mold, the  sanding belt molded surface of the mold are caused by friction and cause wear. Plastic mold caused by wear failure is the root cause of friction between the mold and the material. However, the specific form and abrasion wear process is related to many factors, such as mold in the course of the pressure, temperature, material strain rate and lubrication conditions. When the plastic material and heat treatment mold used is unreasonable, the plastic mold cavity to a low surface hardness, wear resistance is poor, and its performance: the cavity surface and deformation due to wear caused by the size tolerance; roughness becomes higher due to galling , surface quality is deteriorated. Especially when using solid plastic material into the mold cavity, it will aggravate the wear of the cavity surface. When combined with plastic processing contain chlorine, fluorine and other ingredients thermal decomposition corrosive gases HC1, HF, produce the plastic mold cavity surface corrosion and wear, resulting in failure. If you wear while there wear damage, the cavity surface coating or other protective layer destruction, it will promote the corrosion process. Two kinds of damage cross role in accelerating the corrosion a wear failure.

Abrasive Category

Wherein the abrasive products are mainly divided abrasive corundum and silicon carbide abrasive two categories, specifically, there Abrasive paper  are basically the following:
1, corundum abrasive, the main component of Al2O3, with medium hardness, toughness, particle Fengrui, relatively inexpensive, suitable for machining high tensile strength of the metal. Microcrystalline corundum abrasives and black corundum abrasives are its derived varieties.
2, white fused alumina abrasive, slightly higher than the hardness of corundum, but poor toughness, easy to cut narrow belt  into the workpiece during grinding, good self-sharpening, less heat, grinding ability, high efficiency. Chromium corundum abrasive is its derived varieties.
3, single crystal corundum abrasive material particles are composed of a single crystal, and has a good polygonal cutting edge, high hardness and toughness, grinding ability, less grinding heat, the disadvantage is the high cost of production, yield lower, so the price is relatively high. Corundum abrasives are also crystalline compound, slightly lower hardness, crystal size is fine, good wear resistance.
4, black silicon carbide abrasive, green  grinding disc silicon carbide abrasive, abrasive cubic silicon carbide, silicon carbide abrasive cerium, etc., are silicon carbide abrasive, the main ingredient is silicon carbide SiC, high hardness, brittleness, sharp abrasive grains, good thermal conductivity, strong wear resistance, more suitable for processing hard and brittle metallic and non-metallic products.

The hardness of the abrasive

its dynamic modulus of elasticity has a corresponding relationship, which is conducive to the audio abrasive measured  flap disc dynamic elastic modulus of said abrasive tools. In the grinding process, if they are grinding workpiece material hardness, generally used in low hardness abrasive; Conversely, the selection of high hardness abrasive.
Grinding of crude into tight, medium and loose categories. Each category can be further subdivided and number, with quick change disc  the numbers to differentiate between organizations. Abrasives organization number greater share of the abrasive grinding smaller volume percentage, the wider the gap between the grains, which means that more loose tissue. On the contrary, the smaller the number of organizations expressed more tightly organized. Loose organization is not easy to use abrasive passivation less heat during grinding, the workpiece can reduce heat deformation and burns. Tight ceramic belt  organization abrasive grit easy to fall off, helps maintain the abrasive geometry. Abrasives organization only in the manufacture of abrasive formulations are controlled by, generally do not make dete

abrasive solid binding agent to form a certain shape common

By ordinary abrasive abrasive , and has a certain strength abrasive. Generally abrasive, binder and pore structure, these three parts are frequently referred to as the three elements of abrasive.
Abrasive abrasive cutting action play. Binding  standard abrasives agent is a solid form of the abrasive loose abrasive materials, with inorganic and organic types. Inorganic binder with ceramic, magnesite, sodium silicate and the like; organic a resin, rubber and shellac. One of the most commonly used is a ceramic, resin and rubber binding agent.
Holes in the ground when debris from the role of the chip and the chip, and can accommodate coolant, helps grinding heat dissipation. To meet the requirements of certain special processing, the pores can be impregnated with certain fillers such as sulfur and paraffin, so as to  cutting and grinding disc improve the abrasive performance. Such fillers, also known as the fourth element of the abrasive.
Means a common abrasive abrasive characteristics of the project are: shape, size abrasive, grain size, hardness, structure and bonding agent. Abrasive abrasive hardness refers to the external force from the abrasive surface of the shedding of degree of difficulty, it reflects the strength of binding agent holding abrasive.
The hardness of the abrasive agent is grinding wheel  added depends on the amount of binding and the density of abrasive, abrasive grains easily fall off indication low hardness; vice versa, which means high hardness. Hardness level is generally divided into super-soft, soft, medium soft, medium, medium-hard, hard and superhard seven magnitude, from these levels can be subdivided in a number of small magnitude. Abrasive hardness measurement methods are more commonly used hand cone, mechanical cone method, Rockwell hardness measurement method and sandblasting assay.

polishing machine grinding plate vibration suppression of

Vibrations that affect the quality of ultra-precision machining of the key factors, spring-loaded double-sided polishing machine during polishing of the grinding plate vibration phenomena seriously hampered the accuracy of product processing. To solve this problem, a  mini flap disc spring-loaded device in the MR damper added method by controlling the magnetorheological damper damping to achieve the double-sided polishing and grinding disc on a semi-active control of vibration in order to achieve vibration suppression effect. First, the improved pressure loading system for  non woven flap wheel mathematical modeling, has been on the polishing process grinding plate equations of motion; Then, the semi-active control of the control strategy designed to get its control algorithm; Finally, in Simulink in semi-active control strategy for the system simulation analysis, and simulation results with and without control system simulation results were compared and analyzed. Comparative analysis showed that the design of semi-active control method can effectively inhibit the quick change disc  double-sided polishing machine grinding plate vibration phenomena.

Abrasives industry in the machine tool industry

resource-based industries, energy consumption of industry, but also polluting industries, the next step we have to bear in mind the general secretary's speech that "we must build our country into  Sanding disc a resource-saving and environment-friendly social "We have had to implement the central policies, to energy saving, clean production work to play again Xintiandi.
1, adjusting the structure transformation of development mode, eliminating the backward, curb overcapacity. Changes in manufacturing power to achieve manufacturing power, there should be development strategy. Regardless of industry or enterprise progress, we must  formulate strategic development plan, the completion of the restructuring task of  cutting wheel changing patterns of development, strive for better and faster development. Through industry-wide effort to train a number of large and powerful companies, a group of small and specialized small giant enterprises, improve the industry's core competitiveness.
2, increase innovation and investment in research. Actively explore the production, learning and research, with joint research in new ways. Can be introduced by the brain development of  Sanding Sheets technology and talent, we should actively develop high-end products, abrasives emphasis is placed on the development of deep processing products. Meet the rapidly growing photovoltaic industry and engineering ceramics and advanced refractories market demand.

How to Choose sand paper

Matrix, abrasives, coated abrasives adhesives called three elements, and the most widely used base paper substrate, the largest amount of material. Paper is mainly used to produce waterproof sandpaper, dry abrasive paper, wood sandpaper, paper-based belt and so on. Coated abrasives manufacturing process, the matrix direct impact on product quality, because  zirconia flap disc each production enterprise manufacturing equipment and technology to deposit a big difference, so choosing the right paper for stable product quality is of great help. First, the paper manufacturing enterprise status
Because sand paper A specialty industrial paper, relatively narrow market, the amount of small, less than 20,000 tons per year in the domestic market, with the country's industrialization process accelerated in recent years, a big increase, but because of the special requirements of sand paper, market profits little space, state of the paper is almost no research and development and technical support, the original state-planned economy when several paper manufacturers completely disintegrated, closure or conversion, so the paper manufacturer depleted The base paper production enterprises can basically meet the needs sanding paper production enterprises to choose, especially heavy abrasive paper, latex paper, the original all rely on imports, domestic production can now, some products can basically import substitution. But the production of ultra-precision grinding sand paper belt super heavy paper base paper, due process equipment with foreign countries there is a gap, we can not meet the requirements of coated abrasives manufacturing enterprises, the grinding disc  need to accelerate innovation, enhance research and development capabilities and manufacturing standards.
Second, the paper selection errors
A coarse grained sandpaper use the same paper. A coarse sandpaper plant detail the amount of sand, primer, complex glue on both larger difference between the substrate requirements are not the same. Generally coarse mesh to choose quantitative emphasis paper, quantitative detail to choose lighter paper. Two paper smoothness, the coarse grained sandpaper requirements are not the same. Breakdown due sand small amount of glue on the little paper smoothness to be high, especially surface can not have paper hair, coarse mesh requires relatively loose some.
2, the paper does not match with the binder. Because paper papermaking process for coated abrasives production enterprises of different quality sandpaper with a corresponding adjustment process. For example: A grade paper papermaking, B grade paper, paper craft latex raw material  thin cutting wheel selection are not the same, so the sandpaper manufacturing production process to choose a suitable binder, to coincide with the base paper. Generally speaking: A grade paper is mainly used for the production of silicon carbide sandpaper transparent epoxy resin binder to do; B grade paper production ordinary waterproof sandpaper to do with the alkyd resin binder; latex coated paper production super dry grinding sandpaper then with an epoxy or phenolic resin as binder, there are companies to reduce production costs, A grade paper is also used alkyd resin latex paper urea-formaldehyde resin as binder, these two paper papermaking process, the use of process is not the same, is not suitable for Materials with high bond strength is not as sandpaper binder, otherwise it will affect the wear durability. If not properly controlled production process also appears brittle, cracks, mortar and paper peeling.

What is the purpose sandpaper

Commonly known as sandpaper sand paper. One kind of material for polishing sandpaper. Sandpaper used for polishing a metal, wood and other surfaces to make them smooth and clean. Sandpaper usually deadlocked in the original paper from a variety of abrasive grit. The following is  abrasive manufacture an enormously Metal Machine Network Xiaobian to introduce what is sandpaper? What is the purpose sandpaper? What are the classification sandpaper?
 Depending on the abrasive material, emery paper, artificial emery paper, glass paper, and other. Dry sanding paper (wood sandpaper) for polished wood, bamboo surfaces. Waterproof abrasive paper (sandpaper) used in water or oil polished metallic or non-metallic surface. All with unbleached kraft paper pulp copied into. Paper tough, wear-resistant folding, and good water resistance. The glass sand and other abrasive substances such as gum adhesive with adhesive on paper, after drying.
Classification of sandpaper in actual use, the classification of sandpaper far from uniform. Accordance with the purposes of:
Sponge sandpaper: Suitable for sanding smooth sandpaper  part of a variety of materials can be.
Dry sanding paper: suitable for rough or polished some of the rough stuff, such as iron pipes metals.
Shuimo sandpaper: relatively thin texture, water mill grinding some texture sandpaper for the finer things, and is suitable for post-processing; mill grit sandpaper gap between its small, very fine grind is also smaller, and when used in conjunction broken water it will end with the cutting and grinding disc  water out, so to use with water, if the water take it very fine sandpaper dry grinding sand will remain in the gap, so that the surface becomes light sandpaper to reach its present some results, and dry sandpaper not so troublesome, it is the large gap between the sand particles are large very fine grinding out its grinding process due to the large gap causes Suimo will fall, so it does not need, and water together.
By product name stars: Wood sandpaper, or dry sanding paper; water sandpaper, ie waterproof sandpaper; iron emery cloth, is a dry abrasive paper, thick, polished metal surface as quickly as possible. Waterproof sandpaper
Waterproof abrasive paper [1], also known as mill or water sandpaper sandpaper, because when used in water flooding grinding or sanding is named, waterproof sandpaper is water-resistant and water-resistant treated paper or paper as the substrate, in order to paint or resin binder, corundum or silicon carbide abrasive to stick firmly to the substrate made of a grinding, the shape of a sheet-like and roll two kinds.

characteristics of the organic abrasive

Using a wide range of organic abrasive, has a combination of flexibility and high strength, and has good polishing properties. In the rough, fine, fine, throwing, etc. have been applied in the grinding process, the resin abrasive has the following characteristics:
1, the combination of high strength
Compared with ceramic binder, resin  grinding wheel binder is high strength, its resin grinding wheel speed of 80 ~ 120m / s, and can withstand greater pressure grinding. Heavy-duty grinding wheel pressure up 10 × 104 ~ 40 × 104N, widely used in iron and steel industry, such as various steel ingot, billets and other snagging processes. Dedicated high-speed heavy-duty wheel and other coarse machining with safe operation, suitable for high speed grinding and large feed grinding, grinding efficiency.
2, with a certain degree of flexibility
Relative ceramic abrasive resin abrasive with good toughness, a certain plasticity and ductility. The elastic modulus (E) several times lower than ceramic. Therefore, the resin abrasive suitable for the preparation of a variety of sheet wheel and high-speed cutting wheel. Also, because a certain degree of elastic deformation, the grinding force can be buffered. Thus grinding effect, a polished effect, can improve the surface roughness.
3, can be made into a variety of complex shapes and special requirements of abrasive
Hardening of the resin bonded abrasives low temperature curing at normal temperature, shrinkage is small, can be made of the special requirements of complex shapes and abrasive. Such as: the use of glass fiber reinforced resin grinding wheel, easy to chip, good heat dissipation porous resin grinding wheel and the groove; improved grinding wheel bolts conditions, electrolytic grinding wheel, polishing wheel; and a cylindrical bowl shaped, butterfly and other shaped grinding wheel.
4, for a wide range
Since the new resin bond varieties, can be made  Abrasive paper into a variety of strength and performance of resin abrasive. Therefore, can be widely used in waste grinding, rough grinding, cutting, semi-fine grinding, grinding, polishing and other processes. Resin abrasive combined with high strength, high speed, impact resistance, and a shortage of suitable coarse grinding; resin abrasive with good toughness, suitable for cutting processes; resin abrasive Good elasticity, has some polishing, available for grinding and polishing. Resin abrasive lower heat resistance, easy to wear, suitable for surface grinding and fine grinding.
5, and prevent burns workpiece to be ground
Low heat resistance resin binding agent, can reduce or avoid the phenomenon of burn the workpiece. The workpiece in the heat generated during the grinding, the first carbonization of the resin to promote passivation of the abrasive fall off, exposing new abrasive sharp, reducing the grinding area of ​​the heat, to avoid workpiece burn.
6, low temperature curing resin abrasive, short production cycle, simple equipment
Conducive to specialized production. The  Sanding Sheets disadvantage is that:
(1) resin abrasive alkali resistance, water resistance is poor, easy to aging. Generally be kept for one year. Thus, not long-term storage.
(2) low heat resistance resin abrasive, grinding machining, wear larger shape suitable for form grinding.
(3) low porosity resin abrasive, processing smell, should pay attention to environmental pollution problems.

Abrasive abrasive is made the main raw material

Diamond abrasive is diamond as abrasive, metal powder, resin powder, ceramics, and metal plating into various shapes as binder and abrasive grinding tools. Synthetic diamond abrasive used in the  grinding wheel manufacture processing of high normal abrasive machining hard hard metal and non-metallic brittle materials: such as cemented carbide, optical glass, ceramics, stone, semiconductor materials, etc., with high efficiency grinding, good processing quality, durable durable. High hardness of the diamond abrasive, grinding performance and other characteristics are more expensive, so the structure and characteristics of the general mill having very different. Its technical parameters, including the abrasive particle size, binders, concentration, etc. four elements. Each abrasive has its abrasive paper sheet  intrinsic properties, the correct selection and use, can only be assured grinding efficiency and processing quality. China Stone Network
An abrasive
Abrasive abrasive is made the main raw material, directly from the grinding action of the workpiece. Superhard abrasive abrasives are used in two main categories:
Synthetic diamond and cubic boron nitride.
① synthetic diamond is the hardest material, according to its crystal shape and strength, into a variety of models. It is  flap wheel suitable for a variety of hard and brittle materials grinding.
② CBN is yet another hardness only to diamond superabrasive. But its thermal stability and chemical inertness of an iron group metal than diamond. It is suitable for hard toughness (black metal) material grinding.

corundum abrasives

Monocrystalline corundum is 1 Great Leap Forward in the trial of a new type of abrasive, it has good mechanical properties, high mechanical strength. In GB abrasive and can not meet the demand of certain steel processing requirements of the J-cold conditions, there is an abrasive fibre disc  urgent need to monocrystalline corundum used in mechanical industries. In this study we have opened several square one hundred three tasks: a single crystal corundum grinding wheel bond Liu pilot selection; 2, recipe formulation; 3, monocrystalline corundum grinding wheel technology test; 4, monocrystalline corundum grinding wheel performance tests. Through the sandpaper  Department of clay a feldspar, talc, clay, feldspar a Department of clay a boron glassy feldspar a reactive system three system test, select that boron system is ideal, and identified 22% of clay, feldspar 53 % boron glass reactive binder ratio of 25 outside their pit pull strength of 159 kg / cm. "monocrystalline corundum grinding wheel, respectively, tools, internal element, unmotivated, flat hundred dollars and other foreign grinder on a white abrasive cloth belt  corundum monocrystalline corundum grinding wheel and grinding wheel performance comparison test. experiments show that: a single product than corundum corundum grinding wheel grinding wheel finish to improve l small level, production efficiency features a 30 intestines, intestinal wheel durability increased by 50 times to 1 times and even children, monocrystalline corundum grinding wheel in the processing of some special materials shown that it is more than corundum grinding wheel has the advantage of opening.

High pressure water jet cutting is used

High pressure water jet cutting is used to cut only a few millimeters thick foil or plastic, leather and paper or wood sheets. At this point has been able to carry on a CNC controlled cutting with  sandpaper roll sharp edges and small radius tread pattern. Cutting when necessary, placed overlapping plates. If the high-pressure water-jet abrasive added (garnet sand (SiO.).), May be about 100mm thick cut of almost all materials, including granite or metal. In addition to abrasives and water consumption, the splitting tool wear does not occur. Cutting edge does not produce heat and therefore do not appear organizational changes, no glitches, no material deformation process according cut off disc  to this principle work Trumatik w $ 2500 a gantry type CNC cutting machine (Figure 1) in the X and Y directions Operating range is 2500 × 1250mm. cutting through the sensor head can be 200mm in height adjustment control. Therefore, Germany Di Green Roots machine factory TrumpfGmbH + Co cutting machine that can cut workpieces weighing up to 1000kg in case cut off wheel  of adding the abrasive, the thickness of the workpiece to] 00mm, without abrasives may be to 150ram. Maximum positioning speed parallel with the axis of 40m / n, in. In the same direction at up to 56m/min. Using Tru-magraph CC220 type CNC path control can be mounted on the O.01mm toe smallest increment for programming. Position error in accordance with the provisions of German Engineers Association VDl3441 in the measurement range of ± 1m length 0.1m ......

the workpiece must be timely added abrasive grinding conditions

The operator must be familiar with the general structure and properties of the device shall not exceed the performance using the device. Parts and abrasive hopper volume must not exceed 90% of ceramic flap disc  the volume. After power for air operation, should be smooth, no abnormal noise. Otherwise, should stop to check. Workpiece before grinding, the workpiece must be decontaminated off the oil. During processing of the workpiece must be timely added abrasive grinding conditions and control the amount of water added. After work shutdown, power off, cleaning equipment, good equipment maintenance work. Safety procedures before starting, check the fastening screws, check the motor shaft rotation is flexible. Equipment in operation, abnormal should immediately stop. Every six months, should the vibration motor or rotary shaft bearing oiling mouth filling lithium grease. Work, should be cut off the power.
Empty load test run. Turn right and analysis of the host machine. Host empty load test run by steering requirements, the nonwoven belt  running time of not less than 1h. Host empty load operation, should roller device with rope fastened to avoid contact with the grinding roller and grinding ring combat, such as unconditional, but also the roller device removal. Host empty load test run should be smooth, lubricating maximum temperature not exceeding 800c. Temperature must not exceed 400c. Analytical Engine Size bevel gear operation should be smooth, no unusual sounds, and to ensure smooth flow of oil. Direction of rotation of the blower should be observed, there should be no abnormal sound and vibration, bearing maximum temperature not exceeding 700c, temperature does not exceed 350c. Meet commissioning. By air load test run proved that each component can work only when carried out in line  Mounted flap wheel commissioning. Commissioning meet not less than 8h (hours). Mill work should be normal, not normal transmission parts may not have sound and shock and vibration. Rolling and oil temperature does not exceed 800c, temperature does not exceed 400c. Conduit means there should be no leakage of the flange contact phenomena. Milling yield within specifications. Adjustment of speed, so that the finished granular control in the range of 0.44-0.125mm. By air load and the load so the operation after passing again fasteners, can be put into normal operation

Grinding machine parts and its abrasive

 Pretentious staff grinder before using the machine must first look at the general structure of the equipment used and its performance, absolutely can not exceed the performance of the  sanding belt machine itself and excessive use of mechanical equipment. Grinding machine parts and its abrasive and can not exceed the volume of the accommodating volume of the material hopper Jiucheng.
We turned in the required mechanical power, you can attempt to run the machine empty, but should also have a smooth running characteristics, when starting the machine should be no abnormal noise and sound. Otherwise, you need to immediately shut down for inspection. I used the workpiece during grinding, you must first be certain the workpiece off the oil decontamination processing pre-treatment. Machining process we must grind the processing of a case different parts need to add some suitable abrasive and controlling the amount of water added to improve the quality of grinding. Grinding machine at work after the completion of the processing machine must be stopped, cut off all power, each should be cleaned after processing our equipment, good equipment  sanding paper roll maintenance work.
In particular, we want to emphasize that safety procedures before the machine is running, you should check a good fastening screws to prevent slipping, check the motor shaft rotation is flexible. Equipment in operation, abnormal should immediately stop. You have not seen for some time, should the vibration motor or rotary shaft bearing grease lithium grease filling port.
Grinding machine is a commonly used abrasive tool, it is a ultra-precision machining of materials with very good results, which is characterized by abrasive material machining accuracy is very high, the process is also very broad range of materials, suitable for a variety of materials The use of conventional grinding machine a lot of advantages compared to conventional grinding machine, the many shortcomings, for example, the processing efficiency of the materials is very low, the costs of consumed material Bonded abrasives  processing high precision machining of the material is not very unstable and the quality of processing, and the grinding machine can avoid these problems greatly improved grinding technical level, pneumatic valve grinding machine: the valve connected to the gas source grinding machine, grinding machine with rubber suction head will by grinding the valve suck, then press down gently grinding machine, grinding machine can automatically rotate and beat valve, complete grinding tasks. Grinding machine has an adjustable knob, the knob to adjust the grinder rotation and flapping frequency, valve grinding is completed and after cleaning, use kerosene Check the valve seal case. For a variety of automotive, motorcycle and engine valve grinding repairs.
The basic parameters of pneumatic grinding machine

Abrasives Market Development

"Twelve Five Year Plan" beginning to abrasive industry has brought great opportunities for development challenges. Energy saving, clean production will show in the abrasive industry production areas, in addition, the state machinery, shipbuilding, automobiles, aircraft and  grinding wheel china other areas of policy will also abrasive significant impact on the development of production. Abrasive enterprises should technological innovation and new product development direction to seek a breakthrough, the development of high-end abrasive products and reduce dependence on imports. Next five years, angle grinding abrasives industry fundamentals will also become the country's economic policy tone.
Angle grinding abrasives products as an integral part of industrial production and processing consumables, also commonly referred to as industrial supplies. Abrasives used are wide-ranging, most of the industrial production will use to industrial processing, industrial abrasives known as dental reputation. Abrasives product features are only two, one cut two polished. Related to industries, including machinery, equipment manufacturing, automobile polish, furniture polish, etc.
As China's economic development, businesses have cutting disc  a great degree of progress, but also stimulated the development of abrasives industry, however abrasives industry development has also exposed some problems, technical product innovation, product energy conservation and other issues are restricting the abrasives industry. Abrasives industry threshold is low, which created a whole industry is fragmented mess, there is no uniform production quality standards.
Experts believe that to maintain the abrasive industry healthy and orderly development, also need to address the following aspects: production capacity of decentralized, small-scale, low efficiency, the current structure of abrasive scale enterprises are still quite reasonable, industry set low and small enterprises still account for a large Bonded abrasives  proportion; new product development capacity is weak, the domestic abrasive products are mainly set the low end, low-tech products, and the lack of high-end technology products, mainly rely on imports, only to meet the automotive, aerospace, machine tool , bearings, locomotives and ships and other industrial needs about 1/3; overcapacity, low-grade product homogeneity serious, its alumina production is particularly prominent.

abrasive wear what causes

 What causes abrasive wear and how to prevent abrasive wear?
(A) What is the abrasive wear
Abrasive wear is due to a friction surface of the convex part and the other hard-surface contact between the friction surface or both the hard particles exist in the event of relative movement of the standard abrasives  two surfaces of the one surface or both surfaces of the material is transferred signs of wear.
(Two) abrasive wear mechanism
The abrasive surface of the part relative movement, the force on the abrasive can be decomposed into a component force perpendicular to the surface of the force parallel to the surface.
1 perpendicular to the surface embedded in the surface of the abrasive component, good material for the plastic surface indentation large dense, repeated action, resulting in fatigue and damage, the brittle materials do not produce distortion on the surface of brittle fracture.
(2) parallel to the surface of the abrasive component tangential movement generated, resulting surface is scored, and the cutting groove is left, the plastic material, the abrasive cutting surface of the friction will cut a chip.
For brittle materials, abrasive cutting once cut from the surface of a lot of debris.
Abrasive wear rate is very large, many major damage in the form of machinery and equipment.
(C) the main factors affecting abrasion
1 abrasive particle size effect on the amount of wear
Abrasive wear of the metal with the increase of the size, when the abrasive size increases after a certain size, the wear rate is constant.
(2) the geometry of the abrasive wear of the
Sharp angular abrasive abrasive wear than the sleek, high-speed, abrasive be blunt, the wear rate of decline, if the abrasive is ground, the grinding speed will increase.
3 Abrasive effect of hardness on the amount of wear
Thus, the enhanced surface hardness of the part approaches or exceeds the hardness of the abrasive, to improve the wear resistance of parts, but the high hardness of the material, will cause decrease in toughness, increased brittleness and other consequences.
(1) Abrasive hardness is lower than the hardness components, the wear amount of the difference in hardness between the two, the difference increases, the wear rate decreases.
(2) slightly higher than the cutting and grinding disc  hardness of abrasive hardness parts, then wear serious, reduce the difference between the hardness and wear is reduced.
Thus, the enhanced surface hardness of the part approaches or exceeds the hardness of the abrasive, to improve the wear resistance of parts, but the high hardness of the material, will cause decrease in toughness, increased brittleness and other consequences.
4 Pressure effect on wear
Against abrasive wear, the wear rate is proportional to pressure on parts made of the same material, the pressure reduced by half, increasing life expectancy doubled.
(Four) measures to reduce abrasive wear
1 to reduce the entry of abrasive
Such as configuring various filters, increase the dust seal means mounted to a magnet, crumb room and oil pollution indicator, often clean replacement air, fuel, oil filtration devices.
2 Enhanced abrasion resistance of parts
Heat treatment and surface treatment method to abrasive tools  improve the properties of the part material, increasing the surface hardness than the hardness of the surface as the hardness of the abrasive.
3 selection of good wear resistance of the material
Parts are made of carbon steel for quenching, tempering, get martensitic steel parts with both approaches can wear, but also has good toughness. Abrasive wear will not only damage the machinery and equipment, but also reduce the life and efficiency of abrasive, abrasive production base metals as China Shandong Kai Tai Group Co., Ltd. not only provide you with high quality metal abrasive, but also to provide customers with full azimuth solution, the following is a summary of Shandong Kai Tai finishing abrasive wear of the main factors and preventive measures.

Future grinding abrasives will put forward higher requirements

Throughout the development of the field of grinding, the future will be grinding abrasives, higher demands, to judge from the current situation, superhard grinding precisely to meet these paper disc  new needs. If CBN abrasives with good thermal stability, high hardness, good wear resistance and other characteristics, so the abrasive grinding processing line speed, high grinding efficiency, grinding life is also high, especially suitable for processing high-speed steel, bearing steel , stainless steel, chilled cast iron and other ferrous metals.
Superhard abrasive applications, mainly refers to the metal powder, metal oxides or other superhard material CBN as a filler grinding wheel  to resin, ceramic or metal binding agent made of abrasive applications. Currently, the superhard abrasive polished film brings precision, high efficiency grinding effect has been widely recognized.
Emergence of new abrasives, such as micron polycrystalline ceramic abrasive ceramic composition containing fine diamond grit abrasive shell, ultra-precision polishing polyester film tape and so on. These new abrasives possess characteristics that make grinding advantages vividly demonstrated.
In addition, to meet the various needs of  grinding disc vitrified grinding wheels, large pores and the different processing surface speed wheel different abrasive wheel, polished film, diamond saw blade so as technology advances will expand the application range of grinding to become a mainstream product.

Abrasives: Tips major role

Abrasive products are mainly divided abrasive corundum and silicon carbide abrasive two categories, specifically, there are basically the following: corundum abrasive, the main paper disc  component of Al2O3, with medium hardness, toughness, particle Fengrui, relatively inexpensive, suitable for machining high tensile strength of the metal. Microcrystalline corundum abrasives and black corundum abrasives are its derived varieties; corundum abrasive, slightly higher than the hardness of corundum, but poor toughness, easy to cut into the workpiece during grinding, good self-sharpening, less heat, grinding ability, and high efficiency. Chromium corundum abrasive is its derived varieties.
Another crystal corundum abrasive material particles are composed of a single crystal, and has a good polygonal cutting edge, high hardness and toughness, grinding ability, less grinding heat, the sanding roll  disadvantage is the high cost of production, lower yield, so the price is relatively high, zirconium corundum abrasives is crystalline compound, slightly lower hardness, crystal size is fine, good wear resistance; black silicon carbide abrasive, green silicon carbide abrasive, cubic silicon carbide abrasives, silicon carbide abrasive cerium , is silicon carbide abrasive, the main ingredient is silicon carbide SiC, high hardness, brittleness, sharp abrasive grains, good thermal conductivity, wear resistance stronger, more suitable for  processing brittle metals and non-metallic products.
Abrasives and abrasive products typically  grinding disc include superhard abrasive material into two categories: ordinary abrasive refers to the ordinary abrasive made of abrasive. Press abrasive combined into the form of bonded and coated abrasives, while the binding agent can be divided into different ceramic abrasive, abrasive resins, rubber, abrasive, magnesite abrasive series; superhard abrasive material , mainly in the metal powder, metal oxides or other superhard material CBN as a filler, may also be appropriate to add ordinary abrasive (such as Al2O3, SiC, etc.), binding agents or with resin or vitrified abrasive made of a metal binding agent .